Surgical aspects of the treatment of epithelial pilonidal cyst: from primary sources to the present (a review of literature) 

Konstantin I. Sergatskiy, Doctor of medical sciences, associate professor, professor of the sub-department of surgery, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia); coloproctologist of the department of coloproctology, Penza Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko (28 Lermontova street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: sergatsky@bk.ru
Valeriy I. Nikol'skiy, Doctor of medical sciences, professor, professor of the sub-department of surgery, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: pmisurg@gmail.com
Ramil' F. Yangurazov, Student, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: jangurazovr@mail.ru
Mukhamed Al’dzhabr, Assistant of the sub-department of surgery, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: pmisurg@gmail.com
Oleg V. Prostochenko, Coloproctologist of the department of coloproctology, Penza Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko (28 Lermontova street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: pmisurg@gmail.com
Ekaterina V. Titova, Candidate of medical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the sub-department of surgery, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia); surgeon of the department of aesthetic medicine, Penza Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko (28 Lermontova street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: kineta@yandex.ru 

To date, surgical treatment of the pilonidal disease (PD), despite the variety of proposed methods, remains an extremely urgent problem. PD is an inflammatory process of the soft tissues of the coccygeal region, which, along with a decrease in the quality of life, can lead to a sufficiently prolonged disability. Considering that this pathology is mainly found in the able-bodied population, pilonidal disease is a socio-economic problem. PD was first described in detail in the XIX century. Since the first mention of the disease to this day, researchers have proposed various methods of surgical treatment. In the arsenal of a modern surgeon, there are traditional excision methods of surgical treatment, as well as modern minimally invasive methods of operations. However, until now, scientists have not found a method of intervention that would combine the rapid healing time of a postoperative wound and a low percentage of relapse of the disease. In addition, until now, a single surgical tactic for such patients has not been developed. The literature review presents in detail both traditional methods of PD surgery and modern methods of surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus. In addition, the issues of epidemiology are consecrated, historical information is presented. 

pilonidal disease, pilonidal sinus, excision, minimally invasive intervention, endoscopic methods 

Sergatskiy K.I., Nikol'skiy V.I., Yangurazov R.F., Al'dzhabr M., Prostochenko O.V., Titova E.V. Surgical aspects of the treatment of epithelial pilonidal cyst: from primary sources to the present (a review of literature). Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Meditsinskie nauki = University proceedings. Volga region. Medical sciences. 2022;(2):92–106. (In Russ.). doi:10.21685/2072-3032-2022-2-10